How to evaluate a food bank
The short answer
Start with accreditation under Food Banks Canada's standards, the one question that needs no expertise to ask or check. Then look at whether the food bank measures food insecurity or only counts activity. Pounds of food and number of visits are the easiest numbers to report and the least useful on their own.
Last reviewed 3 min readFood security
A starting point, not a checklist. Five questions for a conversation, with a sense of what a good answer sounds like.
The seven questions that apply to any charity
- Is there a clear theory of change?
- Do they measure outcomes, and ideally impact, not just outputs?
- Is there a credible counterfactual, or an honest attempt at one?
- Do they ask the people they serve?
- Are the financials transparent and proportionate?
- Does the board provide real oversight, and can the organization change course?
- Do they publish failures, or only wins?
1. Are you accredited under the Food Banks Canada Standards of Excellence?
This one is binary and verifiable, which is why it leads. The standards run to 78 requirements across six areas, checked by document review and a site visit rather than self-declaration. Several matter directly to a donor: food must be provided at no cost and not tied to volunteering, donations, or faith-based participation; there must be a process for giving clients choice, improved annually; and client input must be gathered at least yearly.
A good answer is yes with a date, a clear stage, or a straight reason why not. Plenty of sound organizations are not accredited, particularly small ones and those outside the network, so it is a reason to ask rather than a mark against them. Having decided against it is an answer. Never having heard of it is a different thing.
2. What share of local need are you reaching, and who is not showing up?
Far more Canadians are food insecure than use food banks. In any recent year, about a quarter of the population has lived in a food-insecure household, with the rate varying enormously by province and territory, while monthly food bank visits nationally count in the low millions. Different units, and visits are not people, so they do not divide cleanly. The gap is still the point. Food banks are a last resort only some food-insecure households take, so visits describe workload rather than need.
A good answer knows the food insecurity rate for its own region, has a view on which groups are underrepresented, and can say how its reach compares with food banks like it and where that comparison comes from. A weak answer is a visit count with no denominator.
3. Are you measuring food insecurity, or activity?
Serving people is an output. Whether their food security status changed is the outcome, and Canada has a standard instrument for it. Statistics Canada uses the Household Food Security Survey Module in the Canadian Income Survey, and shorter versions exist that an organization can run itself.
A good answer describes a validated measure at intake and again a few months later, with honest follow-up rates. A weak answer treats hampers distributed as evidence that food insecurity fell, which is a different claim.
4. What is in the hamper, and who chose it?
Weight is the easiest metric in the sector and says nothing about what was in the box. A food bank can post a strong pounds-distributed number while moving mostly shelf-stable starch. The Food Banks Canada standard requires a process to assess choice and annual measures to improve it, so it is fair to ask.
A good answer describes how clients choose, and tracks protein, produce and perishables as a share of what goes out. A weak answer is total weight.
5. What happens to the person who keeps coming back?
Food banks sit downstream of income adequacy, and the sector says so itself. Visits have roughly doubled since before the pandemic, and a growing share of the people making them have a job. Employment is no longer protection against needing a food bank, which is not a problem more hampers will solve.
A good answer describes referral pathways into income supports, housing and benefits navigation, and can say whether people move out of crisis. A weak answer treats rising visits as proof of success, without separating reaching more people from helping fewer get unstuck.
None of these five tell you how someone is treated when they walk through the door. Whether they are met as a person or processed as a case. Whether the staff and volunteers see the people in front of them or the numbers those people generate. That does not show up in a hamper count, and for many clients it is the whole experience. Ask, and if you can, go and see.
Once the program holds up, check the organization behind it. Registration, filings, governance and financial health are a separate job.
Questions people also ask
- How many Canadians are food insecure?
- In 2025, 24.0% lived in food-insecure households, about 9.8 million people including 2.4 million children, ranging from 15.5% in Yukon to 56.4% in Nunavut, based on Statistics Canada's Canadian Income Survey.
- How many people use food banks in Canada?
- There were roughly 2.2 million visits in March 2025, the highest recorded, and about double the March 2019 figure. Visits are not unique people.
- How many food bank clients are working?
- In HungerCount 2025, 19.4% of clients reported employment as their main source of income, up from 12% in 2019.
- What is the Standards of Excellence?
- A Food Banks Canada accreditation covering 78 standards across governance, people, finance, client service, fundraising and food safety, verified by document check and site visit.
- Is a low overhead ratio a good sign for a food bank?
- No more than for any charity. See how much a charity should spend on overhead.